Study on the production of measles antibody used for vaccine quality control

Background: With the help of Japan, the Center for Research and Production of vaccines and biologicals, Hanoi has received a WHO standard measles vaccine production technology, including techniques in the examination of vaccine quality. Therefore, it is needed to be initiative on production of measles antibody. Objective: Study on production of measles antibody in rabbits and selecting the appropriate antibody for production of high titre antibody, which meets the standard of vaccine quality control in Vietnam. Subject and methods: Using the measles antigen from Edmonston and AIK-C strains, which were provided by the Kitasato Institute, to produce measles antibody. Making immunoreaction in rabbits and determination of neutralization antibody titre. Results and Conclusion: Measles antigen of Edmonston Vero 7/P2 strain used in the production of measles antibody in rabbit created the highest antibody titre in comparison with AIK-C strain from vero cell and FL cell supplied by the Kitasato Institute of Japan. Antibody titre of Edmonston Vero 7/P2 strain reached up to 1/8192 and met the sera standard required for measles vaccine quality control, it is similar to the measles sera to be produced from the Kitasato Institute.

Surveillance of the mutation of gene encoding Vi antigen of Salmonella typhi isolated in Vietnam during 1995 and 2005

Background: Salmonella typhi (S.typhi) is the major cause of human typhoid fever outbreaks. In fact, there were various typhoid fever outbreaks that occurred in China, and India that was caused by S.typhi strain without Vi antigen. Objective: To determine whether the S.typhi strains with mutation of gene encoding Vi antigen exists in Vietnam and the rate of mutation (if they exists). Subject and methods: 450 S.typhi isolates were collected in the Northern, Central and Southern Region of Vietnam during 1995 and 2005. The isolates were analyzed by the PCR method in order to detect mutants by using 2 primer pairs of tviB and DE. Results and Conclusion: There was no clear evidence on the relationship between the widely used Typhi Vi vaccine in Vietnam and the existence and spread of the mutation of gene encoding Vi antigen of S.typhi. 30 out of 450 isolates mutated losing the gene encoding of Vi antigen, making it 6.67%. These isolates were spread out between 1995 and 2005 throughout the Northern, Central and Southern Regions of Vietnam, with a peak in 1999. A noteworthy point was the rate of mutation of S.typhi losing the gene encoding of Vi antigen in Vietnam during the period of study. However, the mutation rate of S.typhi in Vietnam was still higher than the ratio of similar mutations being published in the other countries worldwide and higher than the recommended level of the World Health Organization.

Studying on the platelet aggregation in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass at Viet Dac hospital

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may reduce the numbers of platelets and cause platelet function disorder. Postoperative bleeding is one of the most common complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Objectives: (1) To study changes platelet count and platelet aggregation with ADP in patients undergoing CPB. (2) To identify the relationship between the postoperative bleeding and these parameters. Subjects and method: Crossectional descriptive study on 35 patients of three groups: congenital heart diseases, valvular heart diseases and coronary artery disease. Results: Platelet count and platelet aggregation with ADP reduce. Conclusion: There is a considerably change in the number of platelets and disturbance of platelet function in patients undergoing CPB. No remarkable evidence on relationship between posttoperative bleeding and above disorders.

Research on blood biochemical indexes in surgical patients with massive blood transfusion at Viet Duc hospital

Background: Massive blood transfusion is common in surgery: trauma, complicated surgery, organ implantation. Stored blood contains much lactate, ammonia, products of metabolism. These products have negative effects on patient\u2019s metabolic function which may be a cause of death. Objective: To study the change of blood biochemical indexes in surgical patients with massive blood transfusion at Viet Duc hospital. Subjects and method: A prospective study was conducted in the adult patients who had emergency and operation at Viet Duc hospital, from December/2004 to August/2006. All of them were transfused over 3000 ml of blood within 24 hours (pre-operation, intra-operation and post-operation). Results: During the period of study, there were 70 surgical patients with massive blood transfusion: men were more than woman (64%) and the mean age: 38\xb117. The survival rate was significantly improved (57%). The average transfused blood per patient per 24 hours was 3995ml\xb11067ml. There was a decrease in the value of pH, acid-base and HCO3 (the average pH value 7.218\xb10.181, lowest value 6.7). The average value of pH and HCO3\xac was higher in the survival patients than died patients (p<0.05). The mean level of K+ was 3.8\xb10.96mml/l. The increase in the level of K+ had a positive association with the amount of transfused blood. The mean level of Ca++ \xac\xacdecreased under the normal level (0.98mml). Conclusion: It should monitor blood gas and electrolytes continuously in surgical patients with massive blood transfusion in order to identify disorders soon for timely treatment.

Primarily evaluation of values of tumor markers in the diagnosis of digestive and prostatic cancer

Generality - Material - Method: The IMX PSA, CA 19-9, CEA are Microparticle Enzyme Immune Assay (MEIA) for the quantitative measurement of tumor marker in human serum. Results: number of health subjects 30 (20 men, 10 women), number of patients 56 (42 men, 14 women). The results of studies indicated that the PSA assay value is frequently elevated > 10ng/ml in the serum of subjects with prostatic cancer, the sensitivity 70.6%. CA 19-9 assay value is elevated > 37 U/ml in the serum of pancreatic cancer subjects, the sensitivity (83.4%). CEA assay value is elevated > 10 ng/ml in the serum of colorectal carcinoma, the sensitivity (54.5%).

Relation of HIV, HCV and HBsAg between patients and blood donors

In 1997, the Blood Bank in ViÖt §øc hospital discovered 14 cases of HIV1 positive: 1 case was not enough serum to make further test, 1 was regular donor with HIV positive, Anti HCV negative, HBsAg negative. The incidence of Anti HCV (Hepatitis C) was 12/13 positive (92.3%). The incidence of heroin users was 12/13 (92.3%). The incidence of HBsAg (Hepatitis B) was: 1/13 positive (7.8%).

The estimation of blood quality between two groups volunteer and regular donors

The volunteers have higher quality of hemoglobin than the regular donors. Hb standard for donation is 120 g/l. The volunteers have 94.9% reaching the standard but 5.1% of the regular donors. The volunteers have higher incidence of infectous diseases than the regular donors except the syphilis. It is important to do the P24-HIV to reduce the window period. The volunteers are the good donation, the humanitarian donors.

Some remarks on the risks of HIV infection in the community

2,690 healthy students and inhabitants in or out of Hanoi City were submitted to HIV screening test. Result shows an HIV incidence of 0.26% and the average age of patients is concentrated between 20-24 years old. The incidence of HIV inhabitants in or out of Hanoi City is higher than that of the students. It is important to have further research of HIV in the community to help the program of humanitarian blood donation

Situation of HIV infection among surgical patients during 1997-2001

Among 4497 patients with injuries admitted to Viet Duc hospital, the rate of HIV infectious was 2.4%, especially in ages of 20-29. The rate of injured patients with HIV infection came from Ha Noi was 46.9%, Quang Ninh 11.6%, Lang Sn 6.8%, Hung Yen 6.8%, Nam §inh 4.1%, Hai D­ng 3.4%, Phu Tho 2.7%, Thai Nguyªn 2%, Thai Binh 2%, Hai Phong 2%, Thanh Hoa 1.4%, Bac Ninh 1.4%, Haa Nam 1.4%, Bac Giang and Son La 0.7%.

The experiment of blood mobile organization

On the 3712 volunnteer blood donors, the incidence of shock and dizzy are 2.1% in which, shock is 0.2, dizzy is 1.9%. These events can be appearing after the time of venous puncture. Most of the events are seen in female. There is only one case that received the solution transfusion the rest of these cases only need the sugar drinking. The volunteer blood donation is humanities. The experiment of blood mobile organization is a good experiment for the “blood donation” program.